OPEN Foundation

Menu
Search
Close this search box.

A. Stratford

Return of the lysergamides. Part V: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-butanoyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1B-LSD).

June 18, 2019 / LSD, Papers, Psychology, Publications / By / , , , , , ,

Abstract

The psychedelic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have captured the imagination of researchers for many years and its rediscovery as an important research tool is evidenced by its clinical use within neuroscientific and therapeutic settings. At the same time, a number of novel LSD analogs have recently emerged as recreational drugs, which makes it necessary to study their analytical and pharmacological properties. One recent addition to this series of LSD analogs is 1-butanoyl-LSD (1B-LSD), a constitutional isomer of 1-propanoyl-6-ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-ETH-LAD), another LSD analog that was described previously. This study presents a comprehensive analytical characterization of 1B-LSD employing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms, gas- and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), and GC-condensed phase and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyses. Analytical differentiation of 1B-LSD from 1P-ETH-LAD was straightforward. LSD and other serotonergic hallucinogens induce the head-twitch response (HTR) in rats and mice, which is believed to be mediated largely by 5-HT2A receptor activation. HTR studies were conducted in C57BL/6J mice to assess whether 1B-LSD has LSD-like behavioral effects. 1B-LSD produced a dose-dependent increase in HTR counts, acting with ~14% (ED50  = 976.7 nmol/kg) of the potency of LSD (ED50  = 132.8 nmol/kg). This finding suggests that the behavioral effects of 1B-LSD are reminiscent of LSD and other serotonergic hallucinogens. The possibility exists that 1B-LSD serves as a pro-drug for LSD. Further investigations are warranted to confirm whether 1B-LSD produces LSD-like psychoactive effects in humans.

Brandt, S. D., Kavanagh, P. V., Westphal, F., Stratford, A., Elliott, S. P., Dowling, G., … & Halberstadt, A. L. (2019). Return of the lysergamides. Part V: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐butanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1B‐LSD). Drug testing and analysis., https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2613
Link to full text

Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD)

October 12, 2015 / LSD, Neuroscience, Papers, Psychology, Publications / By / , , , , , ,

Abstract

1-Propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide hemitartrate (1P-LSD) has become available as a ‘research chemical’ in the form of blotters and powdered material. This non-controlled derivative of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has previously not been described in the published literature despite being closely related to 1-acetyl-LSD (ALD-52), which was developed in the 1950s. This study describes the characterization of 1P-LSD in comparison with LSD using various chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An important feature common to LSD and other serotonergic hallucinogens is that they produce 5-HT2A-receptor activation and induce the head-twitch response (HTR) in rats and mice. In order to assess whether 1P-LSD displays LSD-like properties and activates the 5-HT2A receptor, male C57BL/6 J mice were injected with vehicle (saline) or 1P-LSD (0.025–0.8 mg/kg, IP) and HTR assessed for 30 min using magnetometer coil recordings. It was found that 1P-LSD produced a dose-dependent increase in HTR counts, and that it had ~38% (ED50 = 349.6 nmol/kg) of the potency of LSD (ED50 = 132.8 nmol/kg). Furthermore, HTR was abolished when 1P-LSD administration followed pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 (0.1 mg/kg, SC), which was consistent with the concept that the behavioural response was mediated by activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. These results indicate that 1P-LSD produces LSD-like effects in mice, consistent with its classification as a serotonergic hallucinogen. Nevertheless, the extent to which 1P-LSD might show psychoactive effects in humans similar to LSD remains to be investigated.

Brandt, S. D., Kavanagh, P. V., Westphal, F., Stratford, A., Elliott, S. P., Hoang, K., … & Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐propionyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD). Drug Testing and Analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.1884
Link to full text

interested in becoming a trained psychedelic-assisted therapist?

Management of Psychedelic-Related Complications - Online Event - Nov 20th

REGISTER NOW