OPEN Foundation

Day: 1 January 2014

Flashbacks and HPPD: A Clinical-oriented Concise Review.

January 1, 2014 / HPPD, LSD, Papers, Psychiatry, Psychology, Publications / By / , ,

Abstract

A unique characteristic of LSD, LSD-like and substances with hallucinogenic properties is the recurrence of some or all the hallucinogenic symptoms which had appeared during the intoxication after the immediate effects of the substance had worn off. This recurring syndrome, mainly visual, is not clearly understood. The terms Flashback and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) have been used interchangeably in the professional literature. We have observed at least two different recurrent syndromes, the first Flashback Type we refer to as HPPD I, a generally short-term, non-distressing, benign and reversible state accompanied by a pleasant affect. In contrast, the second HPPD Type we refer to as HPPD II, a generally long-term, distressing, pervasive, either slowly reversible or irreversible, non-benign state accompanied by an unpleasant affect. HPPD I and II appear to be part of a broad spectrum of non-psychopathological and psychopathological states reported by hallucinogen users. HPPD I and II may be clinically characterized by prodromal symptoms, onset, content of visual imagery, precipitators, frequency, duration and intensity of perceptual recurrences, severity, course, differential diagnosis, accompanying mood and affect, insight and remission. Pharmacological therapy with or without preceding or following co-occurring psychiatric disorders have been shown to ameliorate this syndrome. A large variety of medications may be utilized to alleviate this condition, but with differential results suggesting several subtypes. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a clinical-oriented, comprehensive and concise review to treating psychiatrists.

Rudinski, D., Bor, O., & Goodman, C. (2013). Flashbacks and HPPD: A Clinical-oriented Concise Review. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 51(4), 296-301.
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IJTS Special Topic Section: Ketamine ● Ketamine and Depression: A Review

January 1, 2014 / Depression, Ketamine, Medicine, Other subjects, Papers, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology, Publications / By / , ,

Abstract

Ketamine, via intravenous infusions, has emerged as a novel therapy for treatment-resistant depression, given rapid onset and demonstrable efficacy in both unipolar and bipolar depression. Duration of benefit, on the order of days, varies between these subtypes, but appears longer in unipolar depression. A unique property is reduction in suicidality although data are more limited. Strategies to extend duration, via multiple doses, maintenance treatment, or subsequent augmenting medications have yielded mixed results. There is a relative paucity of data regarding alternate methods of administration such as intramuscular, intranasal, and oral routes, though preliminary results are promising. Adverse effects most reliably include dissociative and sympathomimetic effects, both transient and mild, and suggest good tolerability. Ketamine’s unique effects may represent an opportunity for a paradigm shift in the pharmacologic treatment of depression.

Ryan, W. C., Marta, C. J., & Koek, R. J. (2014). Ketamine and depression: A review. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 33(2), 40-74.
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IJTS Special Topic Section: Ketamine ● Ketamine—Its History, Uses, Pharmacology, Therapeutic Practice, and an Exploration of its Potential as a Novel Treatment for Depression

January 1, 2014 / Depression, History, Ketamine, Other disciplines, Papers, Personal development, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology, Publications / By /

Introduction

The origins of this special section on ketamine and ketamine assisted psychotherapy and an overview and deliberately controversial discussion of depression and ketamine’s putative efficacy as an antidepressant arise from two sources. The first is a fairly widespread and historical appreciation of ketamine’s power as a transformative agent, especially when embedded in a psychotherapeutic context. Ketamine is after all the only legal psychedelic in use—as a Schedule III substance with an indication as a dissociative anesthetic and a long history of safe and effective use for anesthesia and analgesia, this without significant respiratory depression. Other uses have occurred, for example in the control of agitated, suicidal, and aggressively psychotic individuals in the ER setting, and as a transformational, psychedelic experience at low to moderate dosages—pre-anesthetic levels — inspired by the work of Roquet, Jansen, Krupitsky, and others [fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][…]

Wolfson, P.E. (2014). Introduction to the Special Topic Section: Ketamine–Its History, Uses, Pharmacology, Therapeutic Practice, and an Exploration of its Potential as a Novel Treatment for Depression. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 33(2), 33-39.
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