OPEN Foundation

Day: 26 December 2014

Rapid-onset antidepressant action of ketamine: potential revolution in understanding and future pharmacologic treatment of depression

Summary

What is known and objective

The current pharmacotherapeutic treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) generally takes weeks to be effective. As the molecular action of these drugs is immediate, the mechanistic basis for this lag is unclear. A drug that has a more rapid onset of action would be a major therapeutic advance and also be a useful comparator to provide valuable mechanistic insight into the disorder and its treatment.

Comment

Recent evidence suggests that ketamine produces rapid-onset antidepressant action. Important questions are as follows: is it specific or coincidental to other effects; is there a dose–response relationship; and is the mechanism related to that of current antidepressants. NMDA receptor antagonism is unlikely the explanation for ketamine’s antidepressant action.

What is new and conclusion

It is not an exaggeration to state that the new findings, if validated, might produce a revolution in understanding and treating depressive disorders.

Drewniany, E., Han, J., Hancock, C., Jones, R. L., Lim, J., Nemat Gorgani, N., … & Raffa, R. B. (2014). Rapid‐onset antidepressant action of ketamine: potential revolution in understanding and future pharmacologic treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12238
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Synthesis and κ-opioid receptor activity of furan-substituted salvinorin A analogues

Abstract

The neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A, found in the leaves of Salvia divinorum, is a potent κ-opioid receptor agonist, making it an attractive scaffold for development into a treatment for substance abuse. Although several successful semisynthetic studies have been performed to elucidate structure-activity relationships, the lack of analogues with substitutions to the furan ring of salvinorin A has prevented a thorough understanding of its role in binding to the κ-opioid receptor. Herein we report the synthesis of several salvinorin A derivatives with modified furan rings. Evaluation of these compounds in a functional assay indicated that sterically less demanding substitutions are preferred, suggesting the furan ring is bound in a congested portion of the binding pocket. The most potent of the analogues successfully reduced drug-seeking behavior in an animal model of drug-relapse without producing the sedation observed with other κ-opioid agonists.

Riley, A. P., Groer, C. E., Young, D., Ewald, A. W., Kivell, B. M., & Prisinzano, T. E. (2014). Synthesis and Kappa Opioid Receptor Activity of Furan-Substituted Salvinorin A Analogues. Journal of medicinal chemistry. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm501521d
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2 April - New Insights on Addiction & Psychedelic Healing Followed by a Live Q&A!

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